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In addition to a single cost variable, vertical and horizontal restrictions to movement can be incorporated into your analysis with the Path Distance, Path Distance Allocation, and Path Distance Back Link tools. Learn more about cost distance analysis.The Cost Back Link tool provides a road map, identifying the route to take from any cell, along the least-cost path, back to the nearest source. The Cost Allocation tool identifies the nearest (or least costly) source cell based on accumulated travel cost. For example, it may be shorter to climb over the mountain to the destination, but it is faster to walk around it. The Cost Distance (or cost-weighted distance) tool modifies Euclidean distance by equating distance as a cost factor, which is the cost to travel through any given cell. Not only can you determine the distance each cell is to the closest source, you can also calculate for each cell the direction with Euclidean Direction and determine which source is the closest with Euclidean Allocation. The distance is measured from cell center to cell center. The Euclidean Distance tool measures the straight-line distance from each cell to the closest source the source identifies the objects of interest, such as wells, roads, or a school. The two main ways of performing distance analysis with the ArcGIS Spatial Analyst extension is with the Euclidean distance and the cost-weighted distance tools. Paths and corridors between sources with the least cost of travel.Cost-weighted distance allowing for vertical and horizontal restrictions to movement.

The Distance tools allow you to perform distance analysis in the following ways: